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Table 7 Indoor air temperature during non-heating period results
Unit 602 (occupied) (℃) Unit 502 (vacant) (℃) Outdoor temperature (℃)
Average 18.4 17.8 -0.5
Maximum 21.5 20.2 7.7
Minimum 17.0 16.2 -9.4

Figure 27 Indoor temperature variation during non-heating period

As can be seen in Figure 27, when the amount of solar heating energy consumption per unit area for each unit
radiation increased during the day time, so did the was calculated. The measured units are shown in Figure
measured indoor temperatures. Overall, the room 28.
o
temperatures were maintained at about 20 C even
though the boiler was not operated. Right before dawn,
when outdoor temperature was lowest, the temperature
differential was at its maximum of 3K from the set
temperature. It can be inferred that the indoor air
temperature was maintained even with no heating due
to the high performance of the external wall insulation
system, which acts as thermal storage, with solar heat
gains during the day time.

Heating Energy Consumption Figure 28 Total heating energy consumption in
Analysis different units for a month - January 2014

For the heating energy consumption analysis for winter,
From these results, the mean monthly space heating
the amount of hot water supplied to the pipes for energy consumption per unit area can be calculated―
underfloor heating in each unit was monitored to assess 2
4.38kWh/m per month. The heating energy consumption
building energy consumption by space heating; and the
depended on the size and location of the unit.
amount of wood pellets consumed was monitored to
examine energy consumption by both water and space
Furthermore, the amount of wood pellets used for
heating.
heating in ZCGH was also monitored in January 2014.
During this period, about 1.8 tons of wood pellets were
Based on the amount of hot water supplied into the pipes
used, which is equivalent to 9,419kWh of heating energy
and the area of each unit, the amount of heating energy
consumption. In calculation, heat output for wood pellet
consumed for space heating can be determined. With the
is 4,500kcal/Ton. The coefficient of performance for the
amount of water flow in pipes and the area of each unit,
pellet boiler certified by the manufacturer was 0.87 but

ZCB Journal 2015 • Volume 4 19