Productivity KPI

P3 Construction Cost Indices

P3.1 – Builder’s Works Tender Price Index (RLB) (4Q1968=100)
Category:Buildings Sector: Private The quarterly report as published by Rider Levett Bucknall (RLB) shows that the tender price index for builder’s works in the private sector increased steadily between 2004 and 2008. Following a fall in the fourth quarter of 2008, the tender price index went up again in the third quarter of 2009. The indices in the fourth quarter of 2011 and 2012 were up by 9.5% and 7.4% respectively over the year before.
P3.2 – Builder’s Works Tender Price Index (ArchSD) (1Q1970=100)
Category: Buildings (excluding building services) Sector: Public (undertaken by Architectural Services Department) The public builder’s works tender price index increased between 2005 and 2008. Following a fall in the fourth quarter of 2008, the tender price index recovered in the third quarter of 2009. The indices in the fourth quarter of 2011 and 2012 were up by 11.2 % and 6.3% respectively over the year before.
P3.3 – Building Services Tender Price Index (ArchSD) (new base schedule 2007)
Category: Buildings (Building Services) Sector: Public (undertaken by Architectural Services Department) The public building services tender price index showed a drop in the fourth quarter of 2008. It remained steady in 2009 and started to rise in 2010. The index in the fourth quarter of 2011 was up by 18.2% compared to the year before. The indices fluctuated in 2012, but, the index in the fourth quarter of 2012 was still up by 16% over the fourth quarter of 2011. Note: The index numbers before 2008 have not been included as the method for calculating the index numbers has changed since 2008.

P4 Percentage of Gross Value of Construction Works to GDP

P4.1 – Whole Industry

Category: Whole Industry

Sector: N/A

The percentage of gross value of construction works to GDP had been decreasing continuously since 2002 and started to increase in 2008. The percentage was 7.9% in 2012. The percentage of gross value of construction works in the private sector has remained fairly steady since 2005. The increase in the percentage since 2008 has been mainly from the public sector.

Note 1 –

Percentage of Gross Value of Construction Works to GDP

=	Gross value of construction works (whole Industry/respective categories or sectors) (in nominal terms)
	GDP (overall; at current market prices)

Note 2 –

Gross value of construction works (Whole Industry) = Gross value of construction works (at construction sites) + Gross value of construction works (at locations other than sites = RMAA Works).

Note 3 –

Gross value of construction works (at construction sites) can be calculated by using the formulas below:

Gross value of construction works (Civil Works (Structure & Facilities)) + Gross value of construction works (New Building Works (Buildings)) or;
Gross value of construction works (Public sector construction sites) + Gross value of construction works (Private sector construction sites)

Note 4 –

The GDP of recent years may be further revised in a later publication.

P4.2 – Civil Works (Structures & Facilities)

Category: Civil Works (Structures & Facilities)

Sector: N/A

Output of Civil Works (Structures & Facilities) has shown an increasing trend since 2008. In 2012, the percentage increased by 35.0%, compared to the year before.

P4.3 – New Building Works (Buildings)

Category: New Buildings Works (Buildings)

Sector: N/A

The decreasing trend for New Building Works stopped in 2006. The percentage remained at around 2% in recent years. In 2012, the percentage started to increase. It increased by 22.7%, compared to the year before.

P4.4 – RMAA Works

Category: RMAA Works (Construction works at locations other than sites)

Sector: N/A

Output of RMAA Works showed a gradual increasing trend between 2002 and 2006, but levelled off in recent years.

P4 Percentage of Gross Value of Construction Works to GDP

P4.5 – Public Sector Construction Sites

Category: N/A

Sector: Public (construction sites)

Public works output has shown a rapid increasing trend since 2009. In 2012, the percentage increased by 23.2 %, compared to 2011.

P4.6 – Private Sector Construction Sites

Category: N/A

Sector: Private (construction sites)

The percentage of gross value of construction works in private sectors has remained steady at around 2% since 2005.

P4a Percentage Contribution of Construction Activities to GDP at Basic Prices

Category: Whole Industry

Sector: N/A

The overall contribution of construction activities to GDP at basic prices had been decreasing since 2002 until 2007 and started to rise in 2008. The overall contribution of construction activities to GDP at basic prices was 3.7 % in 2012.

Note 1 –	GDP of construction activities = Gross value of construction works (Whole Industry) – Intermediate consumption
Note 2 –	The intermediate consumption of the construction industry comprises the expenses on consumption of building materials and supplies on sites and sundry supplies in business operation, rentals, expenses on repair and maintenance and other services such as transportation, technical consultancy, insurance, etc. Consumption of materials and supplies is obtained by adjusting the value of purchases by changes in inventories net of price appreciation. Payments to labour-only sub-contractors are included in compensation of employees.
Note 3 –	GDP at basic prices excludes taxes products and statistical discrepancy.
Note 4 –	Percentage contribution of construction activities to GPD at basic prices of recent years may be further revised in a later publication.

P5 Gross Value of Construction Works per capita

P5.1 – Whole Industry

Category: Whole Industry

Sector: N/A

The gross value of construction works per capita demonstrated a decreasing trend between 2001 and 2006 except the RMAA Works (i.e. repair, maintenance, alteration and addition works) which showed a gradual increase. During 2009 to 2012, the output of Civil Works was the major driver to the increase of gross value of construction works per capita. The gross value of construction works per capita at Public Construction Sites also showed a rapid increase between 2008 and 2012, which rose from HK$2,100 in 2008 to HK$6,163 in 2012.

Note 1 –

Gross Value of Construction Works per capita

=	Gross value of construction works (Whole Industry/Respective categories or sectors)(at constant (2000) market prices)
	Capita (overall)

Note 2 –

Gross value of construction works (Whole Industry) = Gross value of construction works (at construction sites) + Gross value of construction works (at locations other than sites = RMAA Works).

Note 3 –

Gross value of construction works (at construction sites) can be calculated by using the formulas below:

Gross value of construction works (Civil Works (Structure & Facilities)) + Gross value of construction works (New Building Works (Buildings)) or;
Gross value of construction works (Public sector construction sites) + Gross value of construction works (Private sector construction sites)

P5.2 – Civil Works (Structures & Facilities)

Category: Civil Works (Structures & Facilities)

Sector: N/A

The decreasing trend in this category stopped in 2007 and the gross value of civil works per capita had rebounded since 2008 and increased rapidly in 2010. In 2012, the output increased by 38.1%, compared to that in 2011.

P5.3 – New Building Works (Buildings)

Category: New Building Works (Buildings)

Sector: N/A

The decreasing trend in this category stopped in 2006 and the gross value of new building works per capita remained steady until 2011. In 2012, the output per capita showed a significant increase and was up by 20.4%, compared to the year before.

P5.4 – RMAA Works

Category: RMAA Works

Sector: N/A

The gross value of RMAA works per capita showed an increasing trend between 2001 and 2006. There has been a gradual decrease since 2007.

P5.5 – Public Sector Construction Sites

Category: N/A

Sector: Public (Construction Sites)

Public works output has shown a rapid increasing trend since 2009. In 2012, the output per capita was up by 23.6%, compared to the year before.

P5.6 – Private Sector Construction Sites

Category: N/A

Sector: Private (Construction Sites)

Private works output has been fluctuating over the past 12 years. In 2012, the output per capita was up by 32.1%, compared to the year before.

P6 Number of Manual Workers Engaged per HK$1,000,000 Gross Value of Construction Works (at Construction Sites)

P6.1 – Whole Industry (except RMAA Works)

Category: Whole Industry

Sector: N/A

The number of manual workers engaged per HK$1,000,000 gross value of construction works (at construction sites) has shown a decreasing trend since 2006. The numbers of manual workers in civil engineering works sites and public sector construction sites decreased significantly in recent years. There was a decrease in number of manual workers per HK$1,000,000 gross value of construction works in the private sector in 2012 compared to the year before.

Note 1 –

Number of manual workers engaged per HK$1,000,000 gross value of construction works (at construction sites)

=	Average number of manual workers engaged for each year at construction sites (Whole Industry (except RMAA works)/Respective categories or sectors)
	HK$1,000,000 Gross value of construction works (at construction sites)(Whole Industry (except RMAA works)/Respective categories or sectors) at constant (2000) market prices)

Note 2 –

Number of manual workers before 2003 excludes E&M workers and those workers work at the sites under the charge of the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department and the Environmental Protection Department but the data includes those workers after 2003.

Note 3 –

Number of manual workers excludes the workers work for RMAA works. For sites under the charge of Government departments, manual workers in some 40 selected major occupations at the skilled and semi-skilled levels are covered in the administrative returns furnished by the respective Government departments.

Note 4 –

No of manual workers engaged at construction sites (Whole Industry) can be calculated by the formulas below:

No of manual workers engaged at construction sites (Civil Works (at Civil Engineering sites) + No of manual workers engaged at construction sites (New Building Works (at Building sites)) or;
No of manual workers engaged at construction sites (Public sector construction site) + No of manual workers engaged at construction sites (Private sector construction site).

P6.2 – Civil Works (at Civil Engineering Sites)

Category: Civil Engineering (Construction Sites)

Sector: N/A

The number of manual workers engaged for HK$1,000,000 gross value of civil engineering construction works has shown a decreasing trend since 2008.

P6.3 – New Building Works (at Building Sites)

Category: Building (Construction Sites)

Sector: N/A

The increasing trend of the number of manual workers engaged for HK$1,000,000 gross value of new building works stopped in 2011. In 2012, it decreased by 9.1%, compared to the year before.

P6.4 – Public Sector Construction Sites

Category: N/A

Sector: Public (Construction Sites)

The number of manual workers per HK$1,000,000 gross value of public works has shown a decreasing trend since 2009.

P6.5 – Private Sector Construction Sites

Category: N/A

Sector: Private (Construction Sites)

The increasing trend of the number of manual workers per HK$1,000,000 gross value of private works stopped in 2011. In 2012, the number decreased by 10.4%, compared to the year before.

P7 Number of Manual Workers Engaged per 1,000 sq. m. Gross Floor Area

Category: New Building Works (at private sector construction sites)

Sector: Private (Construction sites)

In general, the number of manual workers engaged per 1,000 sq. m. gross floor area showed an increasing trend. In 2011, however, the number decreased significantly by 18.2%, compared to the year before. The number rebounded in 2012, by 21.5% compared to 2011.

Note 1 –

Number of manual workers engaged per 1,000 sq. m. gross floor area

=	Average number of manual workers engaged for each year at construction sites (Private sector construction site)
	Gross floor area (completed and under construction) in a year / 1,000 sq. m.

Note 2 –

Note 3 –

Note 4 –

Gross floor area in a year =gross floor area completed at the end of the year + gross floor area under construction in the year